Тема контрольной работы: Контрольные по англ.языку

выполненные две контрольные работы для заочного отделения по английскому языку

Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите текст.

Franz Anton Ritter von Gerstner

F.Gerstner was an Austrian and Czech engineer. He was the first who built railways in Czech, Austria and Russia. F.Gerstner was born in Prague in 1796. He was the fourth child in the family. His mother died when Franz was 12. He studied philosophy and engineering at the Prague University. Sought to implement a project for the construction of a railway between Vitava and Danube, he travelled to England to study the construction of the first railways there. On September 7, 1824 the Austrian Emperor Francis II signed the concession for 50 years for the development and operation of the railway in Czech. The railway was built by 1832. By this time F.Gerstner had already become the famous Austrian engineer and a professor of Vienna Technological University. In August 1834 Gerstner arrived in Russia where he was encouraged by the idea of building a railway. It took him 3 months for collecting statistics. At the beginning of 1835 on his return to Moscow he gave a note to Emperor Nicholas I in which he outlined his views on the construction of railways. The note stated that…” There is no country in the world where the railways would be more beneficial and even necessary, than in Russia, as they provide a great opportunity to reduce the distance by increasing the speed of movement…” In January 1835 F.Gerstner presented the tsar the plans for building the railway. Educated Construction Committee considered the construction of the railway in Russia useful and technically possible. The official opening of the Tsarskoye Selo railway was held in October 30, 1837. In 1838 Gerstner was sent to America to study railways. He performed an intensive study of the problem and on his returned he recommended using the American specialists in the construction of a new railway line which would connect the two Russian capitals – Moscow and St.Petersburg. The tsar refused to do this. Instead of it two Russian engineers P.Melnikov and N.O.Kraft were sent to America to investigate the problem. Information which completed satistied the Russian government was received from George W.Whistler. Gerstner died in Philadelphia in 1840 and W.Whistler proceeded to build the Nicholas I railway.